英研究微波波束远程无线充电新技术

英国利兹大学（University of Leeds）29日发布消息说，该校研究人员正与其他院校合作，开发利用微波波束为机器人以及其他数字装置实现远程充电的新技术。这个项目由利兹大学、伦敦大学国王学院以及兰卡斯特大学的研究人员合作进行。相关技术一旦成熟，有望应用在国防、环境监控以及智能运输等多个领域。早在19世纪，就有科学家提出了无线充电技术的理论并开展实验。

如今，人们手中的智能电话等设备也已部分实现无线充电，不过最大的问题还是距离——市面上的无线充电器仍需要与手机接触才能开始充电。

因此，这个项目将主要探索远距离无线充电的可能性。利用目前在天线阵列技术方面的突破，研究团队将开发相关系统，利用可控的微波波束远程为机器人进行无线充电。

参与项目的Ian Robertson说，结合先进的信号处理、无线网络以及微波工程等技术，可控的微波波束能安全地实现远程能量传输。但他也坦言，仍有许多技术难关需要逾越。

原文参考：

New research aims to charge robots remotely

Researchers at the University of Leeds are taking part in a project to develop ways to wirelessly “beam” power into robots and other digital systems.

The £1 million SWIFT project is the first collaborative UK effort to develop systems that can simultaneously transfer information and power across wireless networks.

Wireless power transfer dates back to Nikola Tesla, who experimentally demonstrated wireless energy transfer (WET) in the late 19th century, and short-range wireless charging of mobile phones and other gadgets is about to become standard.

However, the new project will focus on the possibility of longer-range wireless charging, exploiting recent advances in electronically-steered antennas that make it feasible to power robots safely over a significant distance using a microwave beam.

Researchers at Leeds, King’s College London and Lancaster University are involved in the project, which is funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC).

Professor Ian Robertson, of the University of Leeds’ School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, said: “This is a very exciting opportunity to demonstrate that steerable microwave beams can safely transmit significant power over long distances, with advanced new techniques combining expertise in information theory, signal processing, wireless networking and microwave engineering.”

A key aim of the new project is to build working prototypes of wirelessly powered robots, which will be fabricated in the new EPSRC National Facility for Innovative Robotic Systems at Leeds.

The SWIFT project is supported by leading UK industry partners including Thales, the Mobile VCE, Instrumentel and Lime Microsystems along with prominent international partners from Princeton University and the National University of Singapore.

Professor Zhiguo Ding, from Lancaster University’s School of Computing and Communications, who will lead the project, said: “This project is the first interdisciplinary initiative to promote innovation and technology transfer between academia and industry in the UK for one of the most challenging and most important problems in future communication networks.”

Wireless communication systems employ electromagnetic waves in order to transfer information. Until recently, the information transmission capacity of these signals has been the main focus of research and applications, neglecting their energy content. However, thanks to recent advances in silicon technology, the energy requirements of embedded systems have been significantly reduced, making electromagnetic waves a potentially useful source of energy.

Professor Robertson added: “Wireless power transfer to robots provides many exciting opportunities: in the 1960s, Raytheon demonstrated that a large model helicopter could be remotely powered by a microwave beam and elevated to 50 feet. However, there are many challenges that need to be addressed to make such an approach economical and safe.”

Professor Arumugam Nallanathan, Professor in Wireless Communications at  King’s College London, said: “This research will bring significant benefits to a range of applications including environmental monitoring, tactical surveillance, intelligent transportation, wireless healthcare, future factories, and smart cities."

The SWIFT project will run for three years.

In a separate development, the University of Leeds became a founding member of the EPSRC UK Robotics and Autonomous Systems Network on June 25. The Network will bring together the UK’s core academic capabilities in robotics innovation under national coordination for the first time and encourage academic and industry collaborations that will accelerate the development and adoption of robotics and autonomous systems.

The founding network members are Imperial College London, Bristol Robotics Lab, University of Edinburgh, Heriot-Watt University, University of Leeds, University of Liverpool, Loughborough University, University of Oxford, University of Sheffield, University of Southampton, University College London, and University of Warwick.