基于硅技术24GHz汽车雷达的微波电路

 

基于硅技术24GHz汽车雷达的微波电路介绍了设计、实现微波电路以及CMOS和SiGe双极技术的微波接收器电路特性。基于硅技术24GHz汽车雷达的微波电路所介绍的电路设计适用于汽车工业应用技术， 如车道变换辅助系统以及报警器等。基于硅技术24GHz汽车雷达的微波电路适合相关专业研究生以及高年级本科生使用。

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2 Radar Systems

2.1 Radar Principle

2.2 Radar Equation and System Considerations

2.3 CW and Frequency-Modulated Radar

2.3.1 Doppler Radar

2.3.2 Frequency-Modulated Radar

2.3.2.1 Linear FM Continuous-Wave Radar

2.4 Angle Detection

2.5 Frequency Regulations

2.6 Receiver Architectures

2.6.1 Homodyne

2.6.2 Heterodyne

2.7 Status of Automotive Radar Systems

2.8 Technology Requirements for Radar Chipset

References

3 CMOS and Bipolar Technologies

3.1 CMOS Technology

3.1.1 MOSFET Layout and Modeling Considerations

3.1.2 Devices Available in C11N

3.2 Bipolar Transistors

3.2.1 HBT Layout and Modeling Considerations

3.2.2 Devices Available in B7HF200

3.3 Technology Comparison

3.3.1 Transistor Performance

3.3.2 Metallization and Passive Components

References

4 Modeling Techniques

4.1 Analytical Fitting of On-Chip Inductors

4.1.1 Series Branch Parameters Fitting

4.1.2 Shunt Branches Parameters Fitting

4.1.3 Results Verification

4.2 Transistor Finger Capacitance Estimation

References

5 Measurement Techniques

5.1 S-parameter De-embedding Techniques

5.1.1 Extension of Thru Technique for De-embedding of Asymmetrical Error Networks

5.1.1.1 Theory

5.1.1.2 Result Verification

5.1.2 De-embedding of Differential Devices using cascade-based Two-Port Techniques

5.1.2.1 Theory

5.1.2.2 Result Verification

5.2 Differential Measurements using Baluns

5.2.1 Theoretical Analysis

5.2.1.1 Back-to-BackMeasurement

5.2.1.2 DUT Measurement

5.2.1.3 Insertion Loss De-embedding Error

5.2.2 Measurement Verification

References

6 Radar Receiver Circuits

6.1 Low-Noise Amplifiers

6.1.1 LNA in CMOS Technology

6.1.2 LNA in SiGe:C Technology

6.1.3 Measurements of CMOS and SiGe LNAs

6.1.4 LNA Results Summary and Comparison

6.2 Mixers

6.2.1 Active Mixers

6.2.1.1 Active Mixer in CMOS Technology

6.2.1.2 Active Mixer in SiGe Technology

6.2.1.3 Measurements of CMOS and SiGe Active Mixers

6.2.1.4 Active Mixers Results Summary and Comparison

6.2.2 Passive Mixers

6.2.2.1 Passive Resistive Ring Mixer in CMOS Technology

6.2.2.2 Passive Bipolar Mixer in SiGe Technology

6.2.2.3 Measurements of CMOS and SiGe Passive Mixers

6.2.2.4 Passive Mixers Results Summary and Comparison

6.2.3 Comparison of Active and Passive Mixers

6.3 Single-Channel Receivers

6.3.1 Design of Active and Passive Receivers in CMOS

6.3.2 Receiver Measurements and Analysis

6.3.2.1 Chip Size

6.3.2.2 Power Consumption, Gain and Noise Figure

6.3.2.3 Linearity

6.3.2.4 Required LO Power

6.3.2.5 Isolation

6.3.2.6 Temperature Performance

6.3.3 Receiver Results Summary and Comparison

6.4 IQ Receivers

6.4.1 Design of IQ Receivers

6.4.1.1 IQ Receiver in CMOS Technology

6.4.1.2 IQ Receiver in SiGe Technology

6.4.2 IQ Receiver Measurements

6.4.3 IQ Receiver Results Summary and Comparison

6.5 Integrated Passive Circuits

6.5.1 Circuit Design and Layout Considerations

6.5.1.1 On-Chip 180癙ower Splitter/Combiner

6.5.1.2 On-Chip 90癙ower Splitter/Combiner

6.5.1.3 On-Chip 180癏ybrid Ring Coupler

6.5.2 Realization and Measurement Results

6.5.2.1 On-Chip 180癙ower Splitter/Combiner

6.5.2.2 On-Chip 90癙ower Splitter/Combiner

6.5.2.3 On-Chip 180癏ybrid Ring Coupler

6.5.3 Results Summary and Discussion

6.6 Circuit-Level RF ESD Protection

6.6.1 Overview of Circuit-Level Protection Techniq:ues

6.6.2 Virtual Ground Concept

6.6.2.1 Concept Verification by Circuit Simulation

6.6.2.2 Concept Verification by HBM Measurement

6.6.2.3 Concept Verification by TLP Measurement

6.6.3 Transformer Protection Concept

6.6.3.1 Test LNA Circuit Design

6.6.3.2 Test LNA Realization and Measurement

6.6.3.3 Concept Verification by TLP Measurement

References

7 Radar Transceiver Circuits

7.1 IQ Transceiver in CMOS

7.1.1 IQ Transceiver Circuit Design

7.1.2 Measurements of Transceiver

7.1.3 Results Summary and Comparison

7.2 Merged Power-Amplifier-Mixer Transceiver

7.2.1 System Considerations

7.2.2 Power-Amplifier-Mixer Circuit Design

7.2.3 PAMIX Measurements

7.2.4 Results Summary and Comparison

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8 Conclusions and Outlook

A LFMCW Radar

References

B FSCW Radar

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C Surface Charge Method

C.1 Surface Charge Method Theory

C.2 Meshing of the Multifinger Layout

D Measurement of Active Circuits

D.1 Measurement Techniques

D.2 LNA Characterization

D.2.1 S-parameter Measurement

D.2.2 Noise Figure Measurement

D.2.3 Linearity Measurement

D.3 Mixer and Receiver Characterization

D.3.1 Conversion Gain Measurement

D.3.2 Noise Figure Measurement

D.3.3 Linearity Measurement

References

Index