CMOS锁相环：分析和设计

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本书是一本关于小型sigma-delta频率综合器方面的优秀著作。作者分别从系统级和电路级对频率综合器的设计进行了阐述。主要创新点在低功耗高速分频器和减少芯片面积的环路滤波器的电容设计上。该书涉及PLL的基础问题，内容全面翔实，由浅入深，对PLL的关键问题提出了解决方案。

Preface
List of Acronyms and Symbols
1 Introduction
　1.1 MOTIVATION
　1.2 SUMMARY OF BOOK
　1.3 BOOK ORGANIZATION
　REFERENCES
2 Frequency Synthesizer for Wireless Applications
　2.1 DEFINITION AND CHARACTERISTICS
　2.2 PHASE NOISE AND TIMING JITTER
　　2.2.1 Phase noise and spurious tone
　　2.2.2 Timing jitter
　2.3 IMPLEMENTATION OF FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER
　　2.3.1 Direct analog frequency synthesizer
　　2.3.2 Direct digital frequency synthesizer
　　2.3.3 PLL-based frequency synthesizer
　　2.3.4 DLL-based frequency synthesizer ~...
　　2.3.5 Hybrid frequency synthesizer :.
　　2.3.6 Summary and comparison of synthesizers
　2.4 FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER FOR WIRELESS TRANSCEIVERS
　2.5 OTHER APPLICATIONS OF PLL AND FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER
　REFERENCES
3 PLL Frequency Synthesizer
　3.1 PLL FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER BASICS
　　3.1.1 Basic building blocks of charge-pump PLL
　　3.1.2 Continuous-time linear phase analysis
　　3.1.3 Locking time
　　3.1.4 Tracking and acquisition
　3.2 FAST-LOCKING TECHNIQUES
　　3.2.1 Bandwidth gear-shifting
　　3.2.2 VCO pre-tuning
　3.3 DISCRETE-TIME ANALYSIS AND NONLINEAR MODELING
　　3.3.1 z-domain transfer function and stability analysis
　　3.3.2 Nonlinear dynamic behavior modeling
　3.4 DESIGN EXAMPLE: 2.4GHZ INTEGER-N PLL FOR BLUETOOTH
　REFERENCES
4 ∑△ FractionaI-N PLL Synthesizer
　4.1 ∑△ FRACTIONAL-N FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER
　　4.1.1 ∑△ quantization noise to phase noise mapping
　　4.1.2 ∑△ quantization noise to timing jitter mapping
　4.2 A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DIGITAL ∑△ MODULATORS
　　4.2.1 Design considerations
　　4.2.2 Four types of digital ∑△ modulators
　　4.2.3 Summary of comparative study
　4.3 OTHER APPLICATIONS OF EA-PLL
　　4.3.1 Direct digital modulation
　　4.3.2 Frequency-to-digital conversion
　4.4 MODELING AND SIMULATION OF ∑△-PLL
　4.5 DESIGN EXAMPLE: 900MHz ∑△-PLL FOR GSM
　REFERENCES
5 Enhanced Phase Switching Prescaler
　5.1 PRESCALERARCHITECTURE
　　5.1.1 Conventional prescaler
　　5.1.2 Phase switching prescaler
　　5.1.3 Injection-locked prescaler
　　5.1.4 Summary and comparison of prescalers
　5.2 ENHANCED PHASE-SWITCHING PRESCALER
　5.3 CIRCUIT DESIGN AND SIMULATION RESULTS
　　5.3.1 Eight 45~-spaced phases generation
　　5.3.2 8-to-1 multiplexer
　　5.3.3 Switching control circuit
　　5.3.4 Asynchronous frequency divider
　5.4 DELAY BUDGET IN THE SWITCHING CONTROL LOOP
　5.5 SPURS DUE TO NONIDEAL 45 PHASE SPACING
　REFERENCES
6 Loop Filter With Capacitance Multiplier
　6.1 LOOP FILTER ARCHITECTURE
　　6.1.1 Passive loop filter
　　6.1.2 Dual-path loop filter
　　6.1.3 Sample-reset loop filter
　　6.1.4 Other loop filter architectures
　　6.1.5 Summary and comparison of loop filters
　6.2 LOOP FILTER AND CHARGE-PUMP NOISE MAPPING
　6.3 LOOP FILTER WITH CAPACITANCE MULTIPLIER
　　6.3.1 Third-order passive loop filter
　　6.3.2 Capacitance multiplier
　　6.3.3 Simulation of loop filter with capacitance multiplier
　　6.3.4 Noise consideration
　REFERENCES
7 Other Building Blocks of PLL
　7.1 VCO
　　7.1.1 LC-VCO
　　7.1.2 Varactor
　　7.1.3 Inductor
　　7.1.4 VCOphase noise
　　7.1.5 Layout
　7.2 PHASE-FREQUENCY DETECTOR
　　7.3 CHARGE-PUMP
　　7.3.1 Reference spur
　　7.3.2 Charge pump architectures
　7.4 PROGRAMMABLE DIVIDER
　7.5 DIGITAL MODULATOR
　7.6 CHIP LAYOUT
　REFERENCES
8 Prototype Measurement Results
　8.1 PRESCALER MEASUREMENT
　8.2 LOOP FILTER MEASUREMENT
　8.3 PLL MEASUREMENT
　REFERENCES
9 Conclusions
Appendix
Index